Smith demanded trial for the charges that had been preferred against him, was released, and by force of personality became the acknowledged leader. The incompetent Wingfield was made president of the council. Fortunately, however, the opening of the sealed orders of the king named him a member of the council along with Edward Maria Wingfield, Christopher Newport, Bartholomew Gosnold, John Ratcliffe, John Martin, and George Kendall. John Smith, the most able man in the company and the one fitted for almost any emergency by a life of incredible adventure, was in chains when the little band reached Virginia a. Leadership aboard the three little boats left much to be desired the men had quarreled grievously among themselves malaria lurked in the marshy lands and supplies were insufficient. An indication of future trouble came toward evening when a band of Indians arrived 'creeping upon all foures from the Hills, like Beares, with their Bowes in their mouthes.' The adventurers ascended the river and landed at a place they named 'James Towne to honor the king himself. On Ap(O.S.) the colonists landed on a point of land they called Cape Henry, opposite another point they named Cape Charles, honoring two sons of their king. The years between 16, encompassing the overlordship of the Virginia Company of London, assured the permanence of the first English colony in America. The expeditions sent out by the Plymouth Company met with failure, but the London Company established the settlement at Jamestown. In 1606, however, King James granted a joint charter to two companies one, with headquarters in London, authorized to settle southern Virginia and the other, with headquarters in Plymouth, authorized to settle northern Virginia but neither to plant within 100 miles of the other. Groups of adventurers sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh either returned disheartened to England or mysteriously disappeared. In 1578 Sir Humphrey Gilbert had obtained authority from Elizabeth to colonize lands on the Western Hemisphere not already claimed by any Christian prince or people, but he had failed to plant an enduring settlement. All North America not Spanish or French was then called Virginia, in honor of the Virgin Queen. Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery landed at Jamestown the colonists sent by the Virginia Company of London, years of futile effort to achieve British colonization in America were terminated in the establishment of a permanent settlement in the New World.
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